During the following days there were more tussles with the pack, which, on 14 December, was thick enough to halt the ship for 24 hours. After the Shackleton–Rowett Expedition, Wild returned to South Africa with Vera where he continued to farm. After months spent in makeshift camps as the ice continued its northwards drift, the party took to the lifeboats to reach the inhospitable, uninhabited Elephant Island. On 25 November 2011, the Government of South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands issued a set of commemorative postage stamps honouring Frank Wild along with other Antarctic pioneers. The visual record of the expedition was the responsibility of its photographer Frank Hurley and its artist George Marston. Shackleton thought that a similar experience might allow Endurance to make a second attempt to reach Vahsel Bay in the following Antarctic spring. Wild's relatives and Shackleton's granddaughter, the Hon. Hurley and Macklin were sent back to Ocean Camp to recover food that had been left there to lighten the sledging teams’ burden. In 1914 Sir Ernest Shackleton's Imperial Trans Antarctic Expedition headed for the South Pole and disaster. 1. He was cremated on 23 August 1939 at Braamfontein Cemetery in Johannesburg. [13] For a further £3,200 (current value £309,000), he acquired Douglas Mawson's expedition ship Aurora, which was lying in Hobart, Tasmania. Shackleton had abandoned thoughts of taking the party on the less dangerous journey to Deception Island,[78] because of the poor physical condition of many of his party. Next he was involved in railway construction and for a time had some success with a contract to extend the South African railway to the border with Swaziland. [4] Frank Wild was educated at Bedford. They were above Possession Bay, which meant they would need to move eastward to reach Stromness. [65] The crew put up their tents and settled into what Shackleton called "Patience Camp", which would be their home for more than three months. After three frustrated attempts to rescue the Elephant Island group, Shackleton persuaded the Chilean Government to provide the Yelcho (a 36.5 meter steam tug) under Captain Pardo. Life and career. Shackleton and five others then made an 800-mile (1,300 km) open-boat journey in the James Caird to reach South Georgia. Shackleton assembled a volunteer crew, which had it ready to sail by the morning of 22 May. The position at abandonment was 69° 05′S, 51° 30′W. [1], From 1921 to 1922, Wild was second-in-command of the Shackleton–Rowett Expedition, a poorly equipped expedition with no clear plan, and a small ship, the Quest. This territory had been discovered and named by William Speirs Bruce in 1904, during the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition. Shackleton commented: "I had been prepared for evil conditions in the Weddell Sea, but had hoped that the pack would be loose. He sold the exclusive newspaper rights to the Daily Chronicle, and formed the Imperial Trans Antarctic Film Syndicate to take advantage of the film rights. [13] He did not believe in appeals to the public: "(they) cause endless book-keeping worries". The documentary film also featured commentary from polar historian Dr. Huw Lewis-Jones, author Francis Spufford and explorer Sir Ranulph Fiennes. GUEST AUTHOR BLOG: Leading at The Edge by Dennis N.T. On 29 September 2016, a statue of Wild was unveiled in his hometown of Skelton-in-Cleveland. Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton was born to Anglo-Irish parents on February 15, 1874 in Co. Kildare, Ireland, with the family moving to Sydenham in London 10 years later. Next, Wild took a temporary job as a hotel barman at Gollel in Swaziland which was owned by a friend of his. [106], Aurora left Hobart on 24 December 1914, having been delayed in Australia by financial and organizational problems. [119] Following a propaganda mission in Buenos Aires, Shackleton was employed during the last weeks of the war on special service in Murmansk, with the Army rank of Major. Early next morning, 20 May, seeing Husvik Harbour below them, they knew that they were on the right path. [26] Gooch agreed to sail with Endurance as far as South Georgia. The position was perilous; Shackleton wrote: "The effects of the pressure around us was awe-inspiring. [34] Within the party only Mackintosh and Joyce had any previous Antarctic experience; Mackintosh had lost an eye as the result of an accident during the Nimrod expedition and had gone home early. [6], News of the deaths of Captain Scott and his companions on their return from the South Pole reached London in February 1913. Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton was an Irish Antarctic explorer who led three British expeditions to the Antarctic. [8] The first significant encouragement came in December 1913, when the Government offered him £10,000, provided he could raise an equivalent amount from private sources. It was apparent from high tide markings that this beach would not serve as a long-term camp,[76] so the next day Wild and a crew set off in the Stancomb Wills to explore the coast for a safer site. "In the meantime", he wrote, "we must wait". Jackleberry Press, 214 pages. The peak of Mount Haddington on James Ross Island remained in view as the party drifted slowly by. [73], The boats were surrounded by ice, dependent upon leads of water opening up, and progress was perilous and erratic. [90] After a difficult descent, which involved passage down through a freezing waterfall, they at last reached safety. [8], Shackleton got support, however, from William Speirs Bruce, leader of the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition of 1902–1904, who had harboured plans for an Antarctic crossing since 1908, but had abandoned the project for lack of funds. [12], The Ross Sea party would set up its base in McMurdo Sound, on the opposite side of the continent. Alexandra Shackleton, attended a service conducted by the Rev Dr Richard Hines, rector of the Falkland Islands. He was buried on the island. [51] Worsley described the pressure as like being "thrown to and fro like a shuttlecock a dozen times". They were finally rescued by Shackleton aboard the Chilean ship Yelcho. Endurance became beset in the ice of the Weddell Sea before reaching Vahsel Bay, and drifted northward, held in the pack ice, throughout the Antarctic winter of 1915. From the Endurance crew, Wild, Worsley, Macklin, McIlroy, Hussey, Alexander Kerr, Thomas McLeod and cook Charles Green, all sailed with Quest. In 1900, aged 26, he joined the Royal Navy. [89] There was no question of rest—they travelled on by moonlight, moving upwards towards a gap in the next mountainous ridge. He married for the second time on 18 March 1931. [57] In three days, the party managed to travel barely two miles (3.2 km), and on 1 November, Shackleton abandoned the march; they would make camp and await the break-up of the ice. By now he was in poor health but retained his characteristic kind, calm countenance. It just took them a long time getting there. Shackleton's Captain reveals the truth behind the spectacular survival of all the crew and shows how one man's extra-ordinary skill and unsung heroism made it possible; Frank Worsley, Captain of the expedition ship, Endurance. [112] On 8 May 1916, Mackintosh and Victor Hayward decided to walk across the unstable sea ice to Cape Evans, were caught in a blizzard, and were not seen again. A well written book by the captain of the Endurance, Frank Worsley, which covers, day-to-day, the epic journey of the James Caird over the storm invested South Atlantic in order to save the survivors of Shackleton's Antarctic expedition. An outstanding docudrama which tells the true story of the Shackleton adventure from the perspective of Captain Worsley, the captain of Shackleton's ship "Endurance". Although the scope for activity was limited, the dogs were exercised (and on occasion raced competitively), men were encouraged to take moonlight walks, and aboard ship there were attempted theatricals. He stood shoulder to shoulder with Shackleton. I know that during that long and racking march of 36 hours over the unnamed mountains and glaciers it seemed to me often that we were four, not three". The dogs were taken off board and housed in ice-kennels or "dogloos", and the ship's interior was converted to suitable winter quarters for the various groups of men—officers, scientists, engineers, and seamen. Gran was evasive, and Rosebery blunt: "I have never been able to care one farthing about the Poles". [32], The scientific staff of six accompanying Endurance comprised the two surgeons, Alexander Macklin and James McIlroy; a geologist, James Wordie; a biologist, Robert Clark; a physicist Reginald W. James; and Leonard Hussey, a meteorologist who would eventually edit Shackleton's expedition account South. Temperatures had risen and it was uncomfortably warm, with men sinking to their knees in soft snow as they struggled to haul the boats through the pressure ridges. [45] However, as winter set in the speed of the drift increased, and the condition of the surrounding ice changed. Again the pack thwarted them. However, the contract ended and he was forced to seek employment elsewhere.[3]. [38], Endurance's progress was frustratingly slow, until, on 22 December, leads opened up and the ship was able to continue steadily southward. [5] In late 1912 Filchner returned to South Georgia, having failed to land and set up his base. [56] He believed the march was too risky; they should wait until the ice carried them to open water, and then escape in the boats. Antarctica Edit. Moresby was born in Allerford, Somerset, England, the son of Eliza Louisa and Admiral of the Fleet Sir Fairfax Moresby. The true story of Shackleton's 1914 Endurance expedition to the South Pole, and his epic struggle to lead his twenty-eight man crew to safety after his ship was crushed in the pack ice. [57] Shackleton believed that from one of these islands they would be able to reach and cross Graham Land, and get to the whaling outposts in Wilhelmina Bay. Quick Facts Name Ernest Shackleton Birth Date February 15, 1874 Death Date January 5, 1922 Place of Birth Kilkea, County Kildare, Ireland Place of Death Shackleton's intention now was to march the crew westward, to one or other of several possible destinations. This would act as the Ross Sea party's vessel. By now it was mid-August, more than three months since Shackleton had left Elephant Island. Shackleton first went to the Antarctic on Captain Robert Scott's 1901-1904 expedition but he was sent home as he was ill. When the expedition ship is crushed; Worsley's seamanship and navigational skills saves them all. He bought some land in the Mkuzi valley in Zululand where he tried to grow cotton. [92] This image of a fourth traveller—echoed in the accounts of Worsley and Crean—was taken up by T. S. Eliot in his poem The Waste Land. Orde-Lees wrote: "We shall have to eat the one who dies first [...] there's many a true word said in jest". [72], At 1 p.m. on 9 April, the Dudley Docker was launched, and an hour later all three boats were away. This could provide a source of timber that might enable them to construct a seaworthy boat. McDonald equipped this vessel for a further rescue attempt, which left on 12 July, but with the same negative result—the pack defeated them yet again. More of the abandoned supplies were retrieved until, on 21 November, the ship finally slipped beneath the ice. [82], The 22.5-foot (6.9 m) James Caird was launched on 24 April 1916. He acquired, for £14,000 (current value £1,350,000),[16][17] a 300-ton barquentine called Polaris, which had been built for the Belgian explorer Adrien de Gerlache for an expedition to Spitsbergen. [13], In February 1914, The New York Times reported that playwright J. M. Barrie—a close friend of Captain Scott—had confidentially donated $50,000 (about £10,000). John Robert Francis Wild CBE FRGS (18 April 1873 – 19 August 1939), known as Frank Wild, was an English sailor and explorer. This page was last edited on 9 January 2021, at 14:10. [62] This was taking them to a position from which it would be difficult to reach Snow Hill Island, although Paulet Island, further north, remained a possibility. [65], Supplies were now running low. The Weddell Sea party would travel in the Endurance and continue to the Vahsel Bay area, where fourteen men would land of whom six, under Shackleton, would form the Transcontinental Party. [113] The survivors eventually reached Cape Evans, but then had to wait for eight further months. Wild took part in the following Antarctic expeditions: As second-in-command of Shackleton's Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition, Wild was left in charge of 21 men on desolate Elephant Island as Shackleton and a crew of five undertook an epic open-ocean voyage to South Georgia aboard the lifeboat James Caird in order to seek rescue. [19] Mackintosh was forced to haggle and plead for money and supplies to make his part of the expedition viable. [33] The final composition of the Ross Sea party was hurried. In 1914, Sir Ernest Shackleton and his crew set off for Antarctica with the goal of crossing the continent. By means of canvas and other materials the structure was made into a crude but effective shelter. An outstanding docudrama which tells the true story of the Shackleton adventure from the perspective of Captain Worsley, the captain of Shackleton's ship "Endurance". [36], After a month-long halt in the Grytviken whaling station, Endurance departed for the Antarctic on 5 December. When the timbers broke they made noises which sailors later described as being similar to the sound of "heavy fireworks and the blasting of guns". Captain Scott and Captain Shackleton: A 100 Year Old Expedition The return of the sun after 92 days. [104] Wild's thoughts were now seriously turning to the possibility of a boat trip to Deception Island—he planned to set out on 5 October, in the hope of meeting a whaling ship—[105] when, on 30 August 1916, the ordeal ended suddenly with the appearance of Shackleton and Yelcho. Searches for the original advertisement have proved unsuccessful, and the story is generally regarded as apocryphal. The seas were open, and the ship was able to approach close to the island, in thick fog. [68], The party now had land more or less continuously in sight. [12], Shackleton estimated that he would need £50,000 (current value £4,834,000) to carry out the simplest version of his plan. During this relative lull the ship drifted into the area where, in 1823, Captain Benjamin Morrell of the sealer Wasp reported seeing a coastline which he identified as "New South Greenland". [71], The end of Patience Camp was signalled on the evening of 8 April, when the floe suddenly split. [69] They were too far north for Snow Hill or Paulet Island to be accessible, and Shackleton's chief hopes were now fixed on two remaining small islands at the northern extremity of Graham Land. 1, which started south on 10 June. [13] The Royal Geographical Society, from which he had expected nothing, gave him £1,000—according to Huntford, Shackleton, in a grand gesture, advised them that he would only need to take up half of this sum. [40] On 15 January, Endurance came abreast of a great glacier, the edge of which formed a bay which appeared a good landing place. [54], With the loss of the ship the transcontinental plans were abandoned, and the focus shifted to that of survival. Shackleton's original intention was that the crossing would take place in the first season, 1914–1915. [63] He argued that Admiralty law had lapsed since Endurance's sinking, and that he was no longer under orders. Mighty blocks of ice [...] rose slowly till they jumped like cherry-stones gripped between thumb and finger [...] if the ship was once gripped firmly her fate would be sealed". News of Shackleton's safe arrival in the Falklands briefly eclipsed war news in the British newspapers on 2 June 1916. The 1901 census shows that at that time, aged 27, he was serving as an able seaman on HMS Edinburgh, anchored in Sheerness Harbour. If the party was to return to civilization it would be necessary to summon help. After problems arose in identifying this glacier, a nearby ice rise was renamed the McDonald Ice Rumples. Shackleton did not at this stage abandon all hope of breaking free, but was now contemplating the "possibility of having to spend a winter in the inhospitable arms of the pack". Wild's marriage to Vera was in difficulty shortly after arriving in Zululand and she asked for a divorce, which became absolute on 27 December 1928. [118] Most of the members of the expedition returned to take up immediate active military or naval service. Frank Arthur Worsley DSO OBE RD (22 February 1872 – 1 February 1943) was a New Zealand sailor and explorer who served on Ernest Shackleton’s Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition of 1914–1916, as captain of the Endurance. These were Clarence and Elephant Island, around 100 miles (160 km) due north of their position on 25 March. [52] The supplies and three lifeboats were transferred to the ice, while the crew attempted to shore up the ship's hull and pump out the incoming sea, but after a few days, on 27 October 1915, and in freezing temperatures below −15 °F (−26 °C), Shackleton gave the order to abandon ship. The Imperial Trans-Antarctic expedition of 1914–1917 is considered to be the last major expedition of the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration. [7] He solicited financial and practical support from, among others, Tryggve Gran of Scott's expedition, and the former Prime Minister Lord Rosebery, but received no help from either. In the Merchant Navy he rose to the rank of second officer. Very happily married, the following four years saw relative peace and calm and Wild earned enough money not only to buy a car (a Wolseley) but to take two well-needed holidays in the hinterland and coast of South Africa. [55] Worsley calculated the distance to Snow Hill Island to be 312 miles (500 km), with a further 120 miles (190 km) to Wilhelmina Bay. When the expedition ship is crushed; Worsley's seamanship and navigational skills saves them all. Aurora was blown from her moorings during a gale and was unable to return, leaving the shore party marooned without proper supplies or equipment. [8] His chosen method of fund-raising was to solicit contributions from wealthy backers, and he had begun this process early in 1913, with little initial success. At the close of that first day, needing to descend to the valley below them before nightfall, they risked everything by sliding down a mountainside on a makeshift rope sledge. He was one of the principal figures of the period known as the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration. They are available from the Falkland Islands Philatelic Bureau. From around 550 plates, Hurley chose the best 150, the maximum that could be carried, and smashed the rest. Safe return doubtful. Shackleton named it Caird Coast, after his principal backer. [110], In the following months, the required depots were laid, at one-degree intervals across the Ross Ice Shelf to the foot of the Beardmore Glacier. Parties continued to revisit the Endurance wreck, which was still drifting with the ice a short distance from the camp. Angie Butler (2011). [51] On 24 October, the starboard side was forced against a large floe, increasing the pressure until the hull began to bend and splinter, so that water from below the ice began to pour into the ship. The one with the year on the ice, and the whole deal where a malnourished and dyssentry-ridden Ernest Shackleton and two other guys ultimately rode in a dinky open lifeboat across 800 miles of stormy ocean, landed on an inhabited island but on the wrong … Another whaling station was known to be at Prince Olav Harbour, just six miles (10 km) north of Peggotty Camp over easier terrain, but as far as the party was aware, this was only inhabited during the summer months. "It might have been six hundred for all the chance we had of reaching it across the broken sea-ice", Shackleton recorded. On 11 December 1911, a German expedition under Wilhelm Filchner had sailed from South Georgia, intending to penetrate deep into the Weddell Sea and establishing a base from which he would cross the continent to the Ross Sea. A wireless apparatus was rigged, but their location was too remote to receive or transmit signals. [108], On 7 May, Aurora, anchored at the party's Cape Evans headquarters, was wrenched from her moorings during a gale and carried with drifting ice far out to sea. Therefore, on 21 December he announced a second march, to begin on 23 December. This expedition set out from Vahsel Bay, following a route which avoided the Beardmore Glacier altogether, and bypassed much of the Ross Ice Shelf, reaching McMurdo Sound via a descent of the Skelton Glacier. [53] The wreckage remained afloat, and over the following weeks the crew salvaged further supplies and materials, including Hurley's photographs and cameras that had initially been left behind. They would also make geological and other observations. Frequently the boats were tied to floes, or dragged up onto them, while the men camped and waited for conditions to improve. [72] He had now decided they would try, if possible, to reach the distant Deception Island because a small wooden church had been reportedly erected for the benefit of whalers. [96] Shackleton later named a glacier after McDonald on the Brunt Ice Shelf in the Weddell Sea. Before reaching the coast, the ship became frozen in pack ice, and was crushed. [58] The company set out on 30 October 1915, with two of the ship's lifeboats carried on sledges. Davis refused, thinking the enterprise was "foredoomed",[18] so the appointment went to Frank Worsley, who claimed to have applied to the expedition after learning of it in a dream. Perkins, author of Leading at The Edge, Leadership Lessons from the Extraordinary Saga of … Commander of the Order of the British Empire, Royal Geographical Society's Patron's Medal, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Frank Wild (1873–1939) – Biographical Notes", "Could polar hero Wild have saved Captain Scott's life? 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